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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive functions.
Introduction to Sensory Receptors01:31

Introduction to Sensory Receptors

Sensory receptors are vital in our ability to perceive and interpret the world. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that respond to various stimuli and enable one to experience different sensations. Based on specific criteria, sensory receptors are classified into distinct types.
The first classification criterion is based on cell type, position, and function. Some receptor cells are neurons with free nerve endings, where their dendrites are embedded in the...
Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression01:27

Constitutive and Regulated Gene Expression

Gene expression in prokaryotes is governed by constitutive and regulated systems, allowing cells to balance the production of essential proteins with adaptive responses to environmental changes.Constitutive Gene ExpressionConstitutive, or housekeeping, genes are continuously expressed as they encode proteins vital for fundamental cellular processes. These include enzymes for glycolysis, ribosomal components for protein synthesis, and proteins involved in DNA replication. Their constant...
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory organs,...

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Related Experiment Video

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An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions
07:59

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Published on: March 22, 2018

Establishing and maintaining gene expression patterns: insights from sensory receptor patterning.

Jens Rister1, Claude Desplan, Daniel Vasiliauskas

  • 1Department of Biology, New York University, 1009 Silver Center, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003-6688, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|January 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Sensory neurons in flies and mice express specific receptor genes for precise vision and smell. This review explores mechanisms maintaining these unique sensory receptor expression patterns.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Sensory Biology

Background:

  • High discriminatory power in sensory systems relies on specific receptor gene expression.
  • Sensory neurons typically express one or very few receptor genes, excluding others.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of sensory receptor expression patterns in the fly retina.
  • To compare these mechanisms with those in the mouse retina and olfactory systems (mouse and fly).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on sensory receptor gene expression.
  • Comparative analysis across different sensory systems and species.

Main Results:

  • Insights into mechanisms generating and maintaining sensory receptor expression patterns.
  • Identification of conserved and divergent strategies in fly and mouse systems.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding receptor gene regulation is key to sensory system function.
  • Comparative studies highlight evolutionary and developmental principles governing sensory perception.