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Regulated tissue fluidity steers zebrafish body elongation.

Andrew K Lawton¹, Amitabha Nandi, Michael J Stulberg

¹Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)

|January 8, 2013

Summary

Zebrafish tailbud cell flow drives embryonic development. Changes in tissue fluidity and cell mixing guide body elongation, with signaling pathways influencing these processes.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cellular Dynamics
Embryogenesis

Background:

The tailbud is crucial for vertebrate embryonic growth, forming axial structures.
Understanding cell behavior in the tailbud is key to understanding body axis elongation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the 3D cell flow field in the zebrafish tailbud.
To identify factors influencing tissue fluidity and collective cell migration during embryogenesis.

Main Methods:

3D cell flow field measurement in zebrafish embryos.
Analysis of cell motion coherence and velocity.
Inhibition of Wnt/Fgf signaling and cadherin 2.
Computational modeling of cell flow dynamics.

Main Results:

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Identified a directed posterior cell flow with high polarization, indicating ordered collective migration.
Observed bilateral turns at the tailbud tip due to increased cell mixing and directional variability.
Found that Wnt/Fgf inhibition or cadherin 2 disruption alters flow coherence, impacting trunk and tail extension differently.

Conclusions:

Tissue fluidity, modulated by cell motion coherence and flow rate, is critical for linear body elongation versus contortion.
Signaling pathways and cell adhesion molecules play significant roles in regulating tailbud cell dynamics and embryonic development.