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Lamprey variable lymphocyte receptors mediate complement-dependent cytotoxicity.

Fenfang Wu1, Liyong Chen, Xin Liu

  • 1College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning 116029, China.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|January 8, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lampreys possess a unique adaptive immune system using variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that activate complement proteins. This interaction targets bacteria and tumor cells, revealing early cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity in vertebrates.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Vertebrate Zoology

Background:

  • Jawless vertebrates like lampreys possess an alternative adaptive immune system distinct from jawed vertebrates.
  • This system relies on leucine-rich repeat-based receptors (VLRs) for antigen recognition, unlike immunoglobulin (Ig)-based receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional interaction of VLRB with complement proteins in the Japanese lamprey.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of complement-dependent cytotoxicity mediated by VLRB.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the interaction between Japanese lamprey VLRB and complement components C1q and C3.
  • Assessed complement-dependent cytotoxicity against bacteria and tumor cells using VLRB and complement proteins.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that VLRB interacts with C1q and C3 proteins.
  • Showed VLRB-mediated complement activation leads to the lysis of target cells (bacteria and tumor cells).
  • Identified the deposition of VLRB and C1q-like protein complexes on target cell surfaces, initiating complement activation and cell lysis.

Conclusions:

  • The functional interaction between VLRB and complement components in lampreys provides evidence for early cooperative innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • This cooperation emerged at a critical evolutionary juncture, potentially before or concurrent with the evolution of Ig-based antibodies and the classical complement pathway.