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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

When the ignored gets bound: sequential effects in the flanker task.

Eddy J Davelaar¹

¹Birkbeck College, University of London London, UK.

Frontiers in Psychology

|January 8, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The congruency sequence effect in the Eriksen flanker task is primarily driven by flanker repetition, not response repetition or conflict. This finding highlights how flanker information binds to response representations.

Keywords:

associative learning cognitive control conflict monitoring episodic binding flanker task sequential dependencies

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

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Published on: May 14, 2014

A Dual Task Procedure Combined with Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Test Attentional Blink for Nontargets

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Published on: December 5, 2014

Conducting Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings with a Flanker Task

Conducting Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings with a Flanker Task

Published on: May 24, 2020

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Attention

Background:

The Eriksen flanker task is a standard paradigm for studying attentional control.
The congruency sequence effect (Gratton effect) describes reduced flanker interference following incongruent trials compared to congruent trials.
Previous research suggested target or response repetition underlies this effect.

Purpose of the Study:

To disentangle the contributions of target, flanker, and response repetition to the congruency sequence effect.
To investigate the underlying mechanisms of attentional control in the flanker task.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted to systematically vary target, flanker, and response repetition.
Behavioral data were analyzed to quantify flanker interference across different trial sequences.

Main Results:

Neither response repetition alone nor conflict was sufficient to produce the congruency sequence effect.
Flanker repetition alone was sufficient to elicit congruency sequence effects.
This suggests flanker information becomes associatively linked to response representations.

Conclusions:

The findings challenge previous explanations of the congruency sequence effect.
Flanker repetition plays a critical role in modulating attentional control.
An event file account suggests associative links between task elements are updated via reinforcement learning.