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Related Concept Videos

What is a Species?01:17

What is a Species?

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Hybrid Zones02:29

Hybrid Zones

Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
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Formation of Species

Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Maintaining Laboratory Cultures of Gryllus bimaculatus, a Versatile Orthopteran Model for Insect Agriculture and Invertebrate Physiology
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Multiple post-mating barriers to hybridization in field crickets.

Frances Tyler1, Xavier A Harrison, Amanda Bretman

  • 1College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.

Molecular Ecology
|January 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Female crickets store more sperm from males of their own species and their sperm are more successful at fertilization. This cryptic female choice reinforces reproductive isolation and promotes speciation.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Speciation
  • Biodiversity Maintenance

Background:

  • Reproductive isolation mechanisms are crucial for maintaining biodiversity.
  • Post-mating barriers, like cryptic sperm competition, are less understood than pre-mating barriers.
  • Cryptic advantages for conspecific sperm are suggested by higher conspecific paternity but lack direct demonstration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sequential cryptic reproductive barriers in hybridizing cricket species.
  • To demonstrate the relationship between sperm fate within females and paternity.
  • To explore the role of female choice in conspecific sperm precedence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized competitive microsatellite PCR to analyze sperm competition in two cricket species (Gryllus bimaculatus and G. campestris).
  • Assessed sperm storage by females.
  • Evaluated sperm fertilization probability in competitive scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Females stored significantly more conspecific sperm when in competition with heterospecific sperm.
  • Conspecific sperm exhibited a higher probability of fertilization compared to heterospecific sperm.
  • Demonstrated sequential cryptic reproductive barriers in hybridizing crickets.

Conclusions:

  • Conspecific sperm precedence is mediated by female-controlled processes, including sperm storage and fertilization success.
  • Female multiple mating can act as a defense against hybridization, paradoxically reinforcing reproductive isolation.
  • These findings suggest a novel pathway for speciation driven by female choice and cryptic reproductive barriers.