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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods01:29

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
Scale-Up Processes01:14

Scale-Up Processes

The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...
Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Thermal Behavior and Power Efficiency Comparison of AC vs. DC Electrical Heating in a Distillation Column Using Infrared Thermography Analysis
06:21

Thermal Behavior and Power Efficiency Comparison of AC vs. DC Electrical Heating in a Distillation Column Using Infrared Thermography Analysis

Published on: December 5, 2025

Computer aided analysis, simulation and optimisation of thermal sterilisation processes.

C M Narayanan1, Arindam Banerjee

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering,National Institute of Technology, Durgapur 713209, India. cmn_recd@yahoo.co.in.

Recent Patents on Biotechnology
|January 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computer-aided design software optimizes thermal sterilization processes by simulating various systems and operating parameters. This ensures accurate and efficient sterilization in industries like food processing and pharmaceuticals.

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Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production
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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Thermal Behavior and Power Efficiency Comparison of AC vs. DC Electrical Heating in a Distillation Column Using Infrared Thermography Analysis
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Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production
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Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Published on: June 15, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Process Engineering

Background:

  • Thermal sterilization is a critical industrial process with limited mathematical analysis in existing literature.
  • Optimizing sterilization processes is essential for product safety and quality in food, pharmaceutical, and distillery sectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop computer-aided design (CAD) software for the optimal design of thermal sterilization processes.
  • To analyze and simulate various thermal sterilization systems, including batch and continuous operations.

Main Methods:

  • Development of versatile CAD software packages for thermal sterilization process design.
  • Simulation of systems including steam sparging, jacketed vessels, helical coils, and external heat exchangers.
  • Analysis of del factor dependence on parameters like substrate volume, agitation speed, and heat exchanger efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The software accurately simulates batch and continuous sterilization processes, accounting for axial dispersion.
  • Analysis revealed the impact of system and operating parameters on sterilization efficiency.
  • Computed results showed satisfactory agreement with extensive industrial and pilot plant data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CAD software provides a versatile tool for optimizing thermal sterilization processes.
  • The software enables informed selection of operating variables for improved efficiency and accuracy.
  • Validation against industrial data confirms the reliability of the developed simulation tools.