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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Cervical disc herniation].

K J Schnake1, C-H Hoffmann, F Kandziora

  • 1Zentrum für Wirbelsäulenchirurgie und Neurotraumatologie der BG Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, 60389 Frankfurt am Main. ws@bgu-frankfurt.de

Zeitschrift Fur Orthopadie Und Unfallchirurgie
|January 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cervical disc herniation involves disc material pressing on the spinal canal, causing pain or neurological issues. Both surgical and conservative treatments offer good outcomes for patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedics
  • Spinal Medicine

Context:

  • Cervical disc herniation occurs when the nucleus pulposus prolapses through the annulus fibrosus into the spinal canal.
  • This can cause mechanical or chemical irritation of neural structures, leading to radiculopathy, cervicocephalgia, or myelopathy.

Purpose:

  • To outline the treatment strategies for cervical disc herniation.
  • To discuss surgical and conservative management options and their outcomes.

Summary:

  • Surgical intervention is indicated for pronounced sensorimotor deficits or intractable pain.
  • Conservative treatment includes pain medication, physiotherapy, and local injections.
  • Anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion (ACDF) with cages is a primary surgical approach, with total disc replacement as a viable alternative.
  • Other surgical techniques can be used in selected cases.

Impact:

  • Both surgical and conservative treatments yield good clinical and radiological results for cervical disc herniation.
  • This provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing patients with this condition.