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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...

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Natural killer cell reprogramming with chimeric immune receptors.

Noriko Shimasaki1, Dario Campana

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Natural killer (NK) cells show promise for cancer therapy. Researchers developed methods to enhance NK cell cancer-fighting abilities using chimeric receptors, improving treatment for leukemia and lymphoma.

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Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates
06:10

Non-Viral Engineering of Primary Human T Cells via Homology-Mediated End-Joining Targeted Integration of Large DNA Templates

Published on: May 9, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial immune components with cytotoxic functions against cancer cells.
  • Certain cancer subtypes exhibit resistance to NK cell-mediated killing, limiting their therapeutic efficacy.
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) can redirect NK cell activity towards specific cancer targets, such as CD19+ leukemia and lymphoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and compare methods for enforcing the expression of anti-CD19 chimeric signaling receptors in human NK cells.
  • To evaluate the potential of these methods for reprogramming NK cells with diverse antigen specificities and functional modulators.

Main Methods:

  • Electroporation of mRNA encoding anti-CD19 chimeric receptors into human NK cells.
  • Retroviral transduction of cDNA encoding anti-CD19 chimeric receptors into human NK cells.
  • Comparative analysis of the efficiency and characteristics of mRNA electroporation versus retroviral transduction.

Main Results:

  • Successful enforcement of chimeric receptor expression in NK cells using both mRNA electroporation and retroviral transduction.
  • Demonstration that mRNA electroporation is a viable alternative to retroviral transduction for NK cell reprogramming.
  • Highlighting the versatility of these methods for engineering NK cells against various cancer antigens and for modulating NK cell functions.

Conclusions:

  • Electroporation of mRNA provides an effective method for engineering NK cells with chimeric receptors for cancer therapy.
  • These reprogramming strategies can be broadly applied to enhance NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
  • Further development of NK cell-based therapies can be facilitated by these adaptable genetic engineering techniques.