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Related Concept Videos

Numerical Calculations01:24

Numerical Calculations

In engineering applications, the representation of the numerical value is critical. Presenting or reporting the answer is one of the essential parts of engineering practices. Numerical calculations are performed using handheld calculators or computers since numerically accurate answers are always preferred.
The solution to a problem is obtained using different methods. While manually solving algebraic symbols is one of the most common methods, the graphical method is often preferred. Computers...
Significant Figures in Calculations00:58

Significant Figures in Calculations

Uncertainty in measurements can be avoided by reporting the results of a calculation with the correct number of significant figures. This can be determined by the following rules for rounding numbers:
Orders of Magnitude01:15

Orders of Magnitude

The order of magnitude of a number is the power of 10 that most closely approximates it. Thus, the order of magnitude estimates the scale (or size) of its value. To find the order of magnitude of a number, take the base-10 logarithm of the number and round it to the nearest integer. Then the order of magnitude of the number is simply the resulting power of 10.
The order of magnitude is simply a way of rounding numbers consistently to the nearest power of 10. This makes doing rough mental math...
Bulk Modulus01:21

Bulk Modulus

The bulk modulus is a scientific term used to describe a material's resistance to uniform compression. It is the proportionality constant that links a change in pressure to the resulting relative volume change.
Sample Size Calculation01:19

Sample Size Calculation

Knowledge of the sample size is the first requirement to conduct random sampling or an experiment. The sample size is the total number of units, observations, or groups (in some cases) used to get the data to estimate a population parameter. As the name suggests, the sample size is that of the sample drawn from the population and differs from the population size.
The sample size for the given experiment or sampling effort is fundamental to any study design. Sample size decides the number of...
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

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Crunching the really big numbers at CMS.

Stephen J Langel1

  • 1Health Affairs, Bethesda, MD, USA. slangel@projecthope.org

Health Affairs (Project Hope)
|January 9, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Office of the Actuary provides crucial independent analysis for federal health policy. Its insights, under Richard Foster, guide significant policy decisions.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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16:11

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Published on: June 8, 2022

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A Practical Guide on Coupling a Scanning Mobility Sizer and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (SMPS-ICPMS)
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Area of Science:

  • Health Policy Analysis
  • Actuarial Science

Background:

  • The Office of the Actuary plays a key role in federal health policy.
  • Richard Foster leads the office and is nearing retirement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the function and impact of the Office of the Actuary.
  • To underscore the importance of independent actuarial analysis in policy-making.

Main Methods:

  • Independent analysis.
  • Data-driven insights.
  • Policy evaluation.

Main Results:

  • The office's analysis directly influences federal health policy.
  • Independent actuarial perspectives are vital for informed decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • The Office of the Actuary's contributions are essential for effective federal health policy.
  • Succession planning for leadership roles like Richard Foster's is important for continuity.