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Related Concept Videos

Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

Syllable language models for Mandarin speech recognition: exploiting character language models.

Xunying Liu1, James L Hieronymus, Mark J F Gales

  • 1Cambridge University Engineering Department, Cambridge, United Kingdom. xl207@eng.cam.ac.uk

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|January 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study improves Mandarin Chinese speech recognition by combining character and word language models. Integrating syllabiotactic rules with word sequences significantly reduces character errors.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
08:32

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Computational Linguistics
  • Speech Processing
  • Natural Language Processing

Background:

  • Mandarin Chinese utilizes characters that are both syllabic and morphological.
  • Syllabiotactic rules govern syllable construction in spoken languages, offering linguistic insights.
  • Combining syllabic and word-level constraints can enhance speech recognition accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of integrating character-level language models (LMs) with word-level LMs for Mandarin Chinese speech recognition.
  • To explore hypothesis and model-based combination techniques for optimizing LM performance.

Main Methods:

  • Trained character and word-level n-gram LMs on a large corpus of 2.8 billion words (4.3 billion characters).
  • Developed and applied a history-dependent multi-level LM for log-linear combination of character and word LMs.
  • Evaluated performance on a state-of-the-art Mandarin Chinese broadcast audio recognition task.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant relative character error rate (CER) reductions of up to 7.3%.
  • Demonstrated the efficacy of combining character and word LMs for improved speech recognition.
  • Validated the hypothesis that syllable sequence models enhance Mandarin speech recognition.

Conclusions:

  • Character or syllable sequence models are valuable for improving Mandarin speech recognition.
  • Log-linear combination of character and word LMs offers a robust approach.
  • The findings support the integration of linguistic constraints in speech recognition systems.