Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Echo

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Reversible sick sinus syndrome due to sinus node artery ischaemia in an elderly woman: a case report.

European heart journal. Case reports·2026

Same author

Modulating lysophospholipids with Paraoxonase-1: Exploring its impact on inflammatory responses and immune reactions.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2025

Same author

Loss of CAPS2/Cadps2 leads to exocrine pancreatic cell injury and intracellular accumulation of secretory granules in mice.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2022

Same author

Decrease in serum levels of autotaxin in COVID-19 patients.

Annals of medicine·2022

Same author

Morphological and functional adaptation of pancreatic islet blood vessels to insulin resistance is impaired in diabetic db/db mice.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease·2022

Same author

Response kinetics of different classes of antibodies to SARS-CoV2 infection in the Japanese population: The IgA and IgG titers increased earlier than the IgM titers.

International immunopharmacology·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Wireless Electrophysiological Recording of Neurons by Movable Tetrodes in Freely Swimming Fish

Wireless Electrophysiological Recording of Neurons by Movable Tetrodes in Freely Swimming Fish

Published on: November 26, 2019

Low-frequency source for very long-range underwater communication.

Frédéric Mosca¹, Guillaume Matte, Takuya Shimura

¹Acoustic Research and Technology Group, Sonar System Division, IXBLUE, 46 Quai F.Mitterrand, 13600 La Ciotat, France. frederic.mosca@ixblue.com

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

|January 10, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new Janus-Hammer Bell (JHB) transducer enables very long-range underwater acoustic communication (UAC) for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). This compact, efficient source achieves 100 bits/s at 1000 km, crucial for deep-sea exploration.

More Related Videos

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System

Published on: July 21, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Wireless Electrophysiological Recording of Neurons by Movable Tetrodes in Freely Swimming Fish

Wireless Electrophysiological Recording of Neurons by Movable Tetrodes in Freely Swimming Fish

Published on: November 26, 2019

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Continuous-Wave Propagation Channel-Sounding Measurement System - Testing, Verification, and Measurements

Published on: June 25, 2021

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System

Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System

Published on: July 21, 2015

Area of Science:

Underwater Acoustics
Transducer Technology
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Background:

Very long-range underwater acoustic communication (UAC) is essential for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) undertaking extensive missions (>1000 km).
Existing UAC sources often lack the required high electro-acoustic efficiency (>60%) and compactness for AUV integration.
The need for robust, long-distance communication solutions in marine technology is growing.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and describe the Janus-Hammer Bell (JHB) transducer, engineered for very long-range UAC.
To demonstrate that the JHB transducer meets critical requirements for AUV applications, including efficiency and compactness.
To validate the performance of the JHB transducer in real-world communication experiments.

Main Methods:

Design and development of the Janus-Hammer Bell (JHB) transducer.
Acoustic performance testing, including source level and bandwidth measurements (450-550 Hz).
Integration and testing of the JHB source in underwater communication experiments.

Main Results:

The JHB transducer achieves high electro-acoustic efficiency (>60%) and compactness.
It operates within the 450-550 Hz bandwidth, reaching a source level >200 dB (ref. 1 μPa at 1 m) with 1 kW excitation.
Fully immersible, the JHB source facilitated 100 bits/s communication at a range of 1000 km.

Conclusions:

The Janus-Hammer Bell (JHB) transducer is a viable solution for very long-range UAC, meeting key performance criteria.
The JHB transducer significantly advances the capabilities of autonomous underwater vehicles for extended underwater operations.
Successful communication experiments confirm the JHB's effectiveness for deep-sea, long-distance data transmission.