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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Mapping of Individual Nanoparticles

Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Mapping of Individual Nanoparticles

Published on: July 5, 2016

A standards-based method for compositional analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry using multivariate

Monika Rathi¹, S P Ahrenkiel, J J Carapella

¹South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA. rathimona@gmail.com

Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada

|January 10, 2013

Summary

This study presents an improved method for quantifying elemental composition in multicomponent alloys using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry. The technique enhances accuracy by employing multivariate statistical analysis and linear algebra with reference standards.

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Published on: May 10, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy

Background:

Quantifying elemental composition in multicomponent alloys is crucial for materials characterization.
Existing standards-based methods for energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry have limitations.
Accurate elemental quantification requires robust analytical approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an improved method for elemental composition determination of alloys using transmission electron microscopy-based EDX.
To enhance the accuracy of EDX quantification by utilizing multivariate statistical analysis and linear matrix algebra with reference standards.
To reduce assumptions about the physical origins of EDX spectra through the use of associated standards.

Main Methods:

A novel method using a discrete set of reference standards with known compositions.
Application of multivariate statistical analysis to EDX spectra.
Evaluation of compositions using a linear matrix algebra method.
Incorporation of spectral absorption corrections via foil thickness estimation.

Main Results:

The developed technique was successfully applied to III-V multicomponent alloy thin films.
Accurate determination of both elemental composition and foil thickness for various III-V alloys.
Validation against X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence analysis confirmed high accuracy.

Conclusions:

The presented method significantly improves the accuracy of elemental quantification in multicomponent alloys using EDX.
The approach offers a more reliable alternative to popular standards-based methods.
Achieved accuracy of approximately 1% in atomic fraction demonstrates the method's effectiveness.