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Supporting parenting of infants: evaluating outcomes for parents and children in a community-based program
M Angeles Cerezo1, Carmen Dasi, Juan Carlos Ruiz
1Aggression and Family Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain. angeles.cerezo@uv.es
Insights
The Parent-Child Psychological Support Program (PCPS) shows positive effects on parenting skills and child attachment. Higher program participation (dose) led to increased parental self-efficacy and secure child attachment.
Area of Science:
- Child Development
- Parenting Interventions
- Community Health Programs
Background:
- Parenting support programs are crucial for early childhood development.
- Universal, community-based programs offer a scalable approach to early intervention.
- Evaluating the dose-effect of such programs is essential for optimizing resource allocation and impact.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the intervention dose-effect of the Parent-Child Psychological Support Program (PCPS).
- To examine the impact of PCPS dose on parental sense of competence and child attachment quality.
- To identify the relationship between program participation levels and key parent and child outcomes.
Main Methods:
- A cohort-sequential design was used to evaluate the dose-effect of the PCPS.
- Parental sense of competence was measured via self-report.
- Child attachment quality was assessed using Ainsworth's Strange Situation Test.
- 594 families participated in the study, with outcomes analyzed considering socio-demographic factors.
Main Results:
- A significant dose-effect was observed for parental sense of competence, specifically in parental self-efficacy.
- The proportion of securely attached children was significantly higher in groups receiving medium and high doses of the PCPS.
- These findings remained significant after controlling for single parenthood and working at home.
Conclusions:
- The Parent-Child Psychological Support Program (PCPS) demonstrates a clear dose-effect relationship.
- Increased engagement with the PCPS is associated with improved parental self-efficacy and higher rates of secure child attachment.
- The evaluation strategy employed can inform the planning and assessment of similar longitudinal, universal parenting programs.
Abstract:
This research presents an evaluation of the intervention dose-effect of the Parent-Child Psychological Support Program (PCPS). The PCPS is a universal community-based program to support parenting, during the first 18 months, and to promote protective adaptive systems in children through a schedule of quarterly office-based appointments, starting at 3 months of age. Generally children attend for six visits. When the Program opens in a particular area, parents of all children under 18 months are invited. The different ages of the children who are joining present a unique opportunity to obtain groups to evaluate the program dose-effect using a cohort-sequential design. This dose-effect on parent and infant outcomes was examined by: (1) self-report of parental sense of competence and factors negatively affecting their parenting and (2) the quality of the child's attachment, using Ainsworth's Strange Situation Test. The study was based on 594 families. Results showed dose effects for parental sense of competence, in the parental self-efficacy dimension. The proportion of securely attached children was significantly higher in groups with medium and high program dose. These results were obtained after considering the effect on the parent and child outcomes of two socio-demographic factors that showed differences among the groups under study: single parenthood and working at home. In the variables under study the PCPS, serving a socially deprived area, showed dose effects. The evaluation strategy can be useful for evaluators and planners working with universal programs that offer a longitudinal service.
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