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Related Concept Videos

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Instantaneous Velocity - I01:15

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The average velocity during a time interval cannot tell us how fast or in what direction a particle is moving at any given time during the interval. To calculate this, it is important to know the instantaneous velocity, which is the velocity at a specific instant of time or at a specific point along the path. Instantaneous velocity is the quantity that measures how fast an object is moving along its path. In other words, the instantaneous velocity vx of an object is the limit of the average...
Average and Instantaneous Velocity Vectors01:12

Average and Instantaneous Velocity Vectors

To calculate other physical quantities in kinematics, the time variable must be introduced. The time variable not only allows us to state where an object is (its position) during its motion, but also how fast it’s moving. The speed at which an object is moving is given by the rate at which the position changes with time. For each position, a particular time is assigned. If the details of the motion at each instant are not important, the rate is usually expressed as the average velocity v. This...
Velocity and Acceleration of a Wave00:51

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In fluid mechanics, velocity and acceleration are key concepts for analyzing particle motion in both steady and unsteady flow. Consider a fluid particle moving along a pathline, where its velocity depends on its position and time. The particle's acceleration is obtained by differentiating the velocity with respect to time.
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Instantaneous Velocity - II01:10

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Instantaneous velocity is the quantity that measures how fast an object is moving along its path. In other words, the instantaneous velocity of an object is the limit of the average velocity as the elapsed time approaches zero, or the derivative of displacement with respect to time. Like average velocity, the instantaneous velocity is a vector with the dimensions of length per unit time. Instantaneous velocity can have both positive and negative values. The instantaneous velocity can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry
16:31

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry

Published on: December 27, 2012

Echo particle image velocimetry.

Nicholas DeMarchi1, Christopher White

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, University of New Hampshire, New Hampshire, USA.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|January 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry (EPIV) measures fluid velocity in opaque media using ultrasound. This study details an EPIV system integrating medical ultrasound with PIV software, validated in pipe flow.

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High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
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Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry
16:31

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry

Published on: December 27, 2012

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
11:59

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

Published on: June 24, 2013

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques
10:53

Simultaneous Measurement of Turbulence and Particle Kinematics Using Flow Imaging Techniques

Published on: March 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Optical diagnostics

Background:

  • Accurate fluid velocity measurement is crucial for understanding flow dynamics.
  • Optically opaque fluids and geometries pose challenges for traditional velocimetry techniques.
  • Echo Particle Image Velocimetry (EPIV) offers a solution for non-invasive velocity field measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the operating protocol of an Echo Particle Image Velocimetry (EPIV) system.
  • To validate the EPIV system's performance in a controlled fluid flow.
  • To demonstrate the integration of commercial medical ultrasound and PIV software for fluid diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • An EPIV system was constructed by integrating a commercial medical ultrasound machine with a PC running commercial Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) software.
  • A phased array ultrasound probe generated 2D B-mode images of tracer particles within the fluid.
  • PIV software analyzed successive ultrasound images to determine particle displacement and calculate velocity fields.

Main Results:

  • The EPIV system successfully generated instantaneous 2D velocity fields.
  • Validation measurements were performed in Hagen-Poiseuille (laminar pipe) flow.
  • The system achieved a frame rate of 49.5 fps with a magnification of 77 μm/pixel.

Conclusions:

  • The described EPIV system provides a viable method for measuring velocity fields in optically opaque fluids.
  • The integration of medical ultrasound and PIV software enables robust fluid flow analysis.
  • This technique is valuable for applications requiring non-invasive velocity measurements.