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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

A Synthetic Methodology for Preparing Impregnated and Grafted Amine-Based Silica Composites for Carbon Capture
08:00

A Synthetic Methodology for Preparing Impregnated and Grafted Amine-Based Silica Composites for Carbon Capture

Published on: September 29, 2023

The terrestrial silica pump.

Joanna C Carey1, Robinson W Fulweiler

  • 1Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. jocarey@bu.edu

Plos One
|January 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Silicon (Si) cycling in land plants significantly impacts atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, comparable to marine diatoms. This terrestrial Si pump plays a crucial role in regulating global climate.

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Preparation of Functional Silica Using a Bioinspired Method
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Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

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08:00

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Published on: September 29, 2023

Preparation of Functional Silica Using a Bioinspired Method
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Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
11:50

Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions

Published on: June 13, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biogeochemical Cycles
  • Climate Science
  • Plant Ecology

Background:

  • Silicon (Si) cycling influences atmospheric CO2 and global climate through mineral weathering, soil phytoliths, and the oceanic biological Si pump.
  • Oceanic diatoms sequester a substantial amount of carbon (C), representing 43% of oceanic net primary production (NPP).
  • The role of Si in terrestrial NPP has been largely overlooked.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the significance of silicon (Si) in terrestrial net primary production (NPP).
  • To quantify the contribution of Si-accumulating vegetation to global carbon cycling.
  • To estimate Si fixation across global biomes and assess the impact of land-use change.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of Si fixation in terrestrial vegetation across major global biomes.
  • Analysis of the relationship between Si accumulation and terrestrial NPP.
  • Modeling the impact of projected land-use changes on the terrestrial Si cycle.

Main Results:

  • Active Si-accumulating vegetation accounts for 55% of terrestrial NPP (33 Gton C yr(-1)), a figure comparable to marine diatom carbon sequestration.
  • The biological Si cycle in land plants is identified as a significant regulator of atmospheric CO2 levels.
  • First-time estimation of Si fixed in terrestrial vegetation by global biome type, identifying key ecosystems with dynamic Si fixation.

Conclusions:

  • The terrestrial Si pump, driven by Si-accumulating plants, plays a critical role in global carbon cycling and climate regulation, similar to the oceanic Si pump.
  • Land-use changes, particularly the conversion of forests to agriculture, are projected to increase Si fixation by land plants, thereby enhancing the terrestrial Si pump.
  • Understanding the terrestrial Si cycle is essential for accurate climate modeling and predicting future climate trajectories.