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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles

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Macroautophagy abnormality in essential tremor.

Sheng-Han Kuo¹, Guomei Tang, Karen Ma

¹Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America.

|January 10, 2013

Summary

Essential tremor (ET) shows impaired macroautophagy, a cellular cleanup process. Reduced levels of key proteins like LC3-II and beclin-1 in ET brains suggest autophagic failure contributes to Purkinje cell pathology.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice

In Vitro and In Vivo Detection of Mitophagy in Human Cells, C. Elegans, and Mice

Published on: November 22, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Macroautophagy is a critical cellular process for removing damaged components.
Dysfunctional macroautophagy is implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases.
Essential tremor (ET) is a common neurological disorder with unclear pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the macroautophagy pathway in the cerebellum of essential tremor (ET) cases.
To compare the levels of key macroautophagy-related proteins and mitochondrial markers in ET versus controls.
To explore the correlation between macroautophagy markers and disease duration in ET.

Main Methods:

Western blot analysis of LC3-II, S6K, p-S6K, beclin-1, and mitochondrial proteins in post-mortem cerebellar tissue.
Immunohistochemistry to quantify LC3 clustering in Purkinje cells (PCs).
Analysis of 10 ET cases and 11 controls for Western blot, and 12 ET cases and 13 controls for immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

Significantly lower LC3-II protein levels and LC3 clustering in PCs of ET cases compared to controls.
Beclin-1 levels were markedly reduced in ET cerebellum.
Accumulation of mitochondrial membrane proteins (TIM23, TOMM20) observed in ET cases.
Inverse correlation between disease duration and LC3-II protein levels in ET.

Conclusions:

Essential tremor exhibits impaired macroautophagy in the cerebellum.
Reduced beclin-1 levels may underlie the observed autophagic failure in ET.
Perturbed macroautophagy and subsequent mitochondrial accumulation could contribute to Purkinje cell pathology in ET.