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Related Concept Videos

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins

Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell types have...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:26

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...

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Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
10:49

Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: March 5, 2017

Integral membrane proteins and bilayer proteomics.

Julian P Whitelegge1

  • 1The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The NPI-Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States. jpw@chem.ucla.edu

Analytical Chemistry
|January 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Biological mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for studying integral membrane proteins, which are vital for cell function. This technique analyzes their complex structures and dynamics, overcoming challenges posed by their membrane environment.

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Method to Visualize and Analyze Membrane Interacting Proteins by Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Single-Molecule Imaging of Lateral Mobility and Ion Channel Activity in Lipid Bilayers using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Integral membrane proteins are crucial for cellular functions, including transport, signaling, and energy transduction.
  • Their hydrophobic nature presents significant challenges for biochemical and structural analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the application of biological mass spectrometry in membrane protein research.
  • To demonstrate the utility of mass spectrometry in elucidating membrane protein structure and dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Biological mass spectrometry techniques.
  • Analysis of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.
  • Study of protein dynamics during functional cycles and catalysis.

Main Results:

  • Mass spectrometry enables comprehensive analysis of integral membrane proteins.
  • The technique addresses the challenges of protein amphipathicity.
  • Structural and dynamic aspects of membrane proteins have been successfully investigated.

Conclusions:

  • Biological mass spectrometry is indispensable for understanding integral membrane protein chemistry and biology.
  • This approach provides deep insights into the structure-function relationships of membrane proteins.