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Related Concept Videos

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum01:17

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.
Uterus and Cervix01:18

Uterus and Cervix

The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
The uterus is securely anchored within the pelvic cavity by paired broad ligaments on either side. It is further stabilized by three pairs of...
The Thoracic Cage: Ribs01:20

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal facet...
Thoracic Aorta01:15

Thoracic Aorta

The thoracic section of the aorta begins at the T5 vertebra and extends to the T12 level at the diaphragm, initially progressing through the mediastinum to the left of the spinal column. Throughout its course in the thoracic segment, the thoracic aorta emits various offshoots known collectively as visceral and parietal branches. The branches that predominantly supply blood to visceral organs are termed visceral branches and include bronchial, pericardial, esophageal, and mediastinal arteries,...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction

Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer
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[Primary tumors at the cervicothoracic junction].

De-liang Huang1, Liang-fa Liu, Yong-yi Yuan

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. huangdl301ent@gmail.com

Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
|January 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzed 17 cervicothoracic junction tumors, finding diverse histopathology with neurinoma being most common. Extensive tumors involving vital structures pose surgical challenges and increase complication risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Cervicothoracic junction tumors present unique diagnostic and surgical challenges.
  • Understanding the diverse histopathology is crucial for effective treatment planning.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of primary tumors located at the cervicothoracic junction.
  • To analyze clinical manifestations, surgical approaches, and complications in 17 patients.

Summary:

  • Retrospective analysis of 17 cervicothoracic junction tumors revealed varied histopathology, with neurinoma being the most frequent diagnosis.
  • Surgical approaches included cervical and thoracic incisions; complete tumor ablation was achieved in 14 cases.
  • Complications occurred in 5 patients, highlighting risks associated with tumors involving vital neurovascular structures.

Impact:

  • This research contributes to understanding the complexities of cervicothoracic junction tumors.
  • Findings emphasize the importance of tailored surgical strategies for optimizing outcomes and minimizing morbidity.
  • Highlights the need for careful pre-operative assessment to identify tumors involving critical structures.