Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.

Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

Self-Discrepancy Theory

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.

Factorial Design

Factorial Design

Factorial Analysis is an experimental design that applies Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical procedures to examine a change in a dependent variable due to more than one independent variable, also known as factors. Changes in worker productivity can be reasoned, for example, to be influenced by salary and other conditions, such as skill level. One way to test this hypothesis is by categorizing salary into three levels (low, moderate, and high) and skills sets into two levels (entry level...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Mentalizing on the edge: borderline traits and their association with real-time self-reflection - an ecological momentary assessment study.

Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation·2026

Same author

Fluctuating emotions, fluctuating risk? Evidence from a high-frequency EMA study of affective dynamics and suicidal ideation.

Behaviour research and therapy·2026

Same author

Qualitative content analysis of reactivity effects and feasibility of ecological momentary assessments of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors in the long-term and in suicidal crises.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026

Same author

Does child abuse influence the persistence of suicidal ideation in patients with high suicide risk?

European journal of psychotraumatology·2026

Same author

Are Positive Mental Health and Social Support Protective Factors in the Development of Suicidal Ideation in Chronic Pain? A Longitudinal Study.

Suicide & life-threatening behavior·2026

Same author

Neural basis of attentional deployment in affective forecasting of hypothetical medication outcome trade-offs.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

The negative affect repair questionnaire: factor analysis and psychometric evaluation in three samples.

Anne Scherer¹, Nicole Eberle, Maren Boecker

¹Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 19, Aachen, 52074, Germany. ascherer@ukaachen.de

|January 11, 2013

Summary

This study developed the Negative Affect Regulation Questionnaire (NARQ) to assess emotion regulation strategies. The NARQ is a reliable and valid tool for clinical use in therapy planning and outcome tracking.

More Related Videos

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hyperscanning Study in Psychological Counseling

Published on: January 17, 2025

Area of Science:

Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Psychometrics

Background:

Difficulties in emotion regulation are linked to adverse psychological outcomes.
Existing questionnaires lack theoretical basis and clinical relevance.
A need exists for a psychometrically sound measure of emotion regulation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a theory-based questionnaire assessing emotion regulation strategies.
To combine existing scales (Reappraisal, Suppression) with a new response-focused scale (Externalizing Behavioral Strategies).
To ensure clinical relevance and good psychometric properties in diverse samples.

Main Methods:

Developed items based on existing scales and expert clinical input.
Administered the questionnaire to student and mixed mental disorder samples (N=1053).
Utilized Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA), reliability analyses (Cronbach's α), and validity checks (correlations, group comparisons).

Main Results:

CFA confirmed a good model fit across student and clinical samples.
Reliability scores (Cronbach's α) for the NARQ scales ranged from .71 to .80.
Correlations and group comparisons supported the NARQ's construct validity and clinical relevance.

Conclusions:

The Negative Affect Regulation Questionnaire (NARQ) is a psychometrically sound and reliable measure.
The NARQ is practical for therapy planning and monitoring treatment progress.
The study advocates incorporating response-focused strategies into emotion regulation models.