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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram
06:12

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Published on: March 13, 2018

Saccadic intrusions: review and update.

João Lemos1, Eric Eggenberger

  • 1Department of Neurology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|January 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Saccadic intrusions, like square wave jerks and ocular flutter, are key indicators of neurological diseases. Recent research offers new insights into their pathophysiology and effective immunotherapies for related syndromes.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram
06:12

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Published on: March 13, 2018

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function
05:44

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Published on: July 14, 2016

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

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Published on: March 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Saccadic intrusions are abnormal eye movements observed in various neurological conditions.
  • Recent studies have identified novel fixation instabilities, including staircase square wave jerks and ocular microtremor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in the pathophysiology and treatment of saccadic intrusions.
  • To highlight the diagnostic significance of saccadic intrusions in neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on saccadic intrusions.
  • Analysis of recent findings in pathophysiology and treatment modalities.
  • Exploration of diagnostic and etiological insights.

Main Results:

  • Saccadic intrusions are associated with oculomotor apraxia type 2 and neuromyelitis optica.
  • Evidence suggests a complex network involved in square wave jerk pathophysiology.
  • Cerebellar and brainstem hypotheses are debated for ocular flutter and opsoclonus pathogenesis.
  • Combination immunotherapies show promise for opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing saccadic intrusions aids in diagnosing neurological diseases.
  • Ongoing research using models, imaging, and genetics is advancing understanding of saccadic intrusion pathogenesis.