Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Angina II: Classification01:27

Angina II: Classification

Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is a chest pain resulting from diminished blood flow to the heart muscle and is often a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina presents several variants with distinctive attributes, etiologies, and therapeutic approaches. The main types of angina include stable, unstable, variant (Prinzmetal's), microvascular, intractable, and silent ischemia.Stable angina is caused by atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of plaques that narrow the coronary...
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The 2nd Brazilian GRAPPA International Meeting on Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis - 2° Encontro Internacional do GRAPPA sobre Psoríase e Artrite Psoriásica.

The Journal of rheumatology·2026
Same author

Type V Collagen as a Critical Regulator of Fibrillar Matrix Remodeling in a Murine Model of Systemic Sclerosis.

Cells·2025
Same author

How to Manage Cardiovascular Disease in Psoriatic Disease: Evidence and Time Management in Clinic.

The Journal of rheumatology·2025
Same author

Early neutrophil activation and NETs release in the pristane-induced lupus mice model.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Bone Erosions and Systemic Bone Loss on HR-pQCT in Men With Tophaceous Gout.

International journal of rheumatic diseases·2024
Same author

Immunotherapeutic potential of collagen V oral administration in mBSA/CFA-induced arthritis.

PloS one·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Refractory gout attack.

Simone Fargetti1, Claudia Goldenstein-Schainberg, Andressa Silva Abreu

  • 1Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 455, 01246-903 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Case Reports in Medicine
|January 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Refractory gout attacks, characterized by persistent flares and high uric acid, are rare. This case study details managing a severe gout flare unresponsive to standard treatments using benzbromarone, offering insights into gout pathophysiology and novel therapies.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Refractory gout attacks are uncommon but present significant clinical challenges.
  • Characterized by persistent flares, elevated serum uric acid (>6 mg/dL), chronic arthritis, and tophi.
  • Standard treatments may fail, necessitating alternative management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a case of refractory gout attack in a 69-year-old male.
  • To explore gout pathophysiology and benzbromarone pharmacokinetics for therapeutic management.
  • To review emerging treatment options for complex gout cases.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a patient with polyarticular and protracted gout.
  • Review of gout pathophysiology and urate-lowering mechanisms.
  • Application of benzbromarone based on pharmacokinetic principles.
  • Literature review of novel gout treatment options.

Main Results:

  • The patient experienced a severe, polyarticular gout attack refractory to conventional therapy.
  • Low serum urate levels were observed despite the persistent flare.
  • A therapeutic approach utilizing benzbromarone was developed and implemented.
  • Review identified potential new treatments for refractory gout.

Conclusions:

  • Refractory gout requires a comprehensive understanding of pathophysiology for effective management.
  • Benzbromarone, guided by pharmacokinetic data, offers a potential solution for recalcitrant cases.
  • Further research into novel gout therapies is crucial for improving patient outcomes.