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Empty sella syndrome.

Anne M Lenz1, Allen W Root

  • 1Pediatric Endocrine Associates, Tampa, FL 33607, USA. anne.lenz.md@gmail.com

Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews : PER
|January 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Empty sella (ES) occurs when cerebrospinal fluid fills the sella turcica. In children, ES is linked to hormonal deficiencies and requires evaluation, unlike in adults where it

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Pediatric Endocrinology

Background:

  • Empty sella (ES) is characterized by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filling the sella turcica, compressing pituitary tissue.
  • Primary ES involves CSF entry via a diaphragmatic defect, potentially with elevated intracranial pressure.
  • Secondary ES results from pituitary injury, surgery, or radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of empty sella.
  • To highlight the differences in ES presentation and implications between adult and pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on empty sella.
  • Analysis of clinical characteristics and diagnostic findings associated with ES.
  • Summary of treatment modalities for hormone deficiencies and obstructive lesions.

Main Results:

  • Adult ES is common in older, obese, hypertensive women, often asymptomatic.
  • Pediatric ES is more frequently symptomatic, associated with endocrinopathies like growth hormone deficiency and hypogonadotropism.
  • ES incidence in children varies widely (1.2% to 68%) based on endocrine status.

Conclusions:

  • Children with ES require comprehensive endocrinologic and ophthalmologic assessment.
  • Management focuses on hormone replacement therapy and addressing any intracranial obstructive lesions.
  • ES in children carries a higher risk of significant clinical impact compared to adults.