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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Introduction to the Skeletal System01:20

Introduction to the Skeletal System

The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
Components of the Skeletal System
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard connective tissue that forms an internal support structure for the human body. Bones shield vulnerable organs and soft tissue from external forces. For example, the vertebral bones protect and support the spinal cord.
Cartilage, a semi-rigid connective tissue found in regions such as...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...

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Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
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Skeletal Class III malocclusion with thin symphyseal bone: a case report.

Eriko Hikida1, Chihiro Tanikawa

  • 1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

Australian Orthodontic Journal
|January 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study details managing a severe skeletal Class III malocclusion in a patient with limited mandibular alveolar bone. Advanced imaging guided treatment, achieving stable occlusion and improved facial aesthetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

  • Severe skeletal Class III malocclusion presents unique challenges, especially with compromised alveolar bone dimensions.
  • Thin symphyseal and alveolar bone over mandibular incisors can limit orthodontic and surgical treatment options.

Observation:

  • A 24-year-old female with skeletal Class III malocclusion and thin anterior mandibular alveolar bone was assessed.
  • Computerized tomography (CT) was crucial for evaluating the three-dimensional morphology of the alveolar bone and planning tooth movement.

Findings:

  • A comprehensive treatment plan involving extractions, orthognathic surgery (LeFort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy), and orthodontic alignment was successfully implemented.
  • The treatment resulted in a stable occlusion with normal overjet and overbite, improved facial profile, and no significant root resorption after two years of retention.

Implications:

  • CT imaging is invaluable for assessing alveolar bone morphology, enabling precise planning for tooth movement in complex orthodontic and surgical cases.
  • This case demonstrates a successful management strategy for severe skeletal Class III malocclusion in patients with thin alveolar bone, highlighting the integration of advanced imaging and surgical techniques.