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Related Concept Videos

Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Diversity of Archaea IV01:29

Diversity of Archaea IV

Hyperthermophilic archaea are a group of extremophiles thriving at temperatures above 80°C, often in hydrothermal vents and volcanic soils where conditions surpass the boiling point of water. At such temperatures, proteins, membranes, and DNA in most organisms degrade, but hyperthermophiles have evolved remarkable adaptations to maintain stability and function.Unique Cellular FeaturesHyperthermophilic membranes are composed of a monolayer of biphytanyl tetraether lipids, which resist thermal...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).

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Updated: May 15, 2026

A New Screening Method for the Directed Evolution of Thermostable Bacteriolytic Enzymes
13:30

A New Screening Method for the Directed Evolution of Thermostable Bacteriolytic Enzymes

Published on: November 7, 2012

Consistent mutational paths predict eukaryotic thermostability.

Vera van Noort1, Bettina Bradatsch, Manimozhiyan Arumugam

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|January 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thermophilic fungi genomes reveal common thermal adaptation strategies, including amino acid changes like lysine to arginine substitutions, aiding protein stability engineering.

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Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a Model System to Study Protein Homeostasis in a Multicellular Organism
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High-Throughput Robotically Assisted Isolation of Temperature-sensitive Lethal Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
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High-Throughput Robotically Assisted Isolation of Temperature-sensitive Lethal Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Published on: December 5, 2016

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

A New Screening Method for the Directed Evolution of Thermostable Bacteriolytic Enzymes
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High-Throughput Robotically Assisted Isolation of Temperature-sensitive Lethal Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
10:51

High-Throughput Robotically Assisted Isolation of Temperature-sensitive Lethal Mutants in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Published on: December 5, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Proteomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Thermophilic prokaryotes are vital for structural biology and biotechnology.
  • Eukaryotic cell function proteins are often absent in bacteria and archaea.
  • Genome sequences for three thermophilic eukaryotes (Chaetomium thermophilum, Thielavia terrestris, Thielavia heterothallica) are now available.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate common thermal adaptation strategies across life kingdoms.
  • To identify amino acid substitutions associated with thermophily.
  • To explore new methods for engineering protein stability.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics and phylogenetics of thermophilic and mesophilic fungi.
  • Analysis of amino acid biases and genome size reduction.
  • Experimental validation of predicted thermostable amino acid residues.
  • Determination of protein 3D structure to characterize mutation effects.

Main Results:

  • Identified common thermal adaptation strategies including amino acid biases and reduced genome size.
  • Found consistent amino acid substitutions linked to thermophily across fungal lineages, notably lysine to arginine.
  • Predicted and experimentally validated specific amino acid residues contributing to protein thermostability.
  • Characterized molecular consequences of mutations on protein structure using Arx1 from C. thermophilum.

Conclusions:

  • Comparative genome analysis enhances understanding of thermophily evolution.
  • Provides novel strategies for engineering protein stability through identified amino acid substitutions.