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Updated: May 15, 2026

Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Published on: July 14, 2023
A biochemical strategy for simulation of endochondral and intramembranous ossification
1a Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Colombia , Bogotá , Colombia.
Abstract:
Following the assumption that parathyroid hormone related protein and Indian hedgehog form a biochemical regulatory loop for the endochondral process and bone morphogenetic protein 2 and Noggin in the intramembranous process, this paper implements these regulatory mechanisms. For this purpose, we use a set of reaction-diffusion equations that are widely used in morphogenesis, in which biochemical factors are assumed to be secreted by precursor cells, mesenchymal cells and chondrocytes, in endochondral and intramembranous ossification, respectively. The solution leads to the so-called Turing patterns, which represent these processes of ossification in a very approximate way.
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