Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Migration00:53

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

Overview
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
Genetics of Speciation02:16

Genetics of Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process resulting in the formation of new, distinct species—groups of reproductively isolated populations.
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mortality in patients with ventricular septal defect in Sweden: a national register study.

Open heart·2026
Same author

The succession of ecological divergence and reproductive isolation in adaptive radiations.

Journal of theoretical biology·2024
Same author

Principles of niche expansion.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2019
Same author

Pregnancy outcomes in young mothers with perinatally and behaviorally acquired HIV infections in Rio de Janeiro.

The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases·2018
Same author

Time-budgeting by starlings Sturnus vulgaris: Time minimizing, energy maximizing and the annual cycle organization.

Oecologia·2017
Same author

The Biogeography of Adaptive Radiations and the Geographic Overlap of Sister Species.

The American naturalist·2015
Same journal

Evolution of quantitative traits: exploring the ecological, social and genetic bases of adaptive polymorphism.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

The male-biased sex ratio in humans and its role in the transition from promiscuity to pair bonding.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

Quantifying the counter-intuitive effects of vaccination by coupling the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and the evolution of human behaviors.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

An integrative model of FGF2-induced signaling and muscle cell proliferation.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

A hybrid reaction-diffusion and mechanical stimulus model for mandibular bone remodeling under chewing and vibratory loading.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

Integrated tick management strategies in fragmented peridomestic environments.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

On the evolutionary stability of partial migration.

Per Lundberg1

  • 1Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. per.lundberg@biol.lu.se

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|January 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Partial migration in birds evolves through adaptive evolution, resulting in a weak evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), not a fixed optimal fraction. This individual-based solution may not maximize population size and requires density- or frequency-dependent selection.

More Related Videos

Visually Sexing Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius Ludovicianus) Using Plumage Coloration and Pattern
04:10

Visually Sexing Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius Ludovicianus) Using Plumage Coloration and Pattern

Published on: March 8, 2020

Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures
06:34

Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures

Published on: April 21, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

Visually Sexing Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius Ludovicianus) Using Plumage Coloration and Pattern
04:10

Visually Sexing Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius Ludovicianus) Using Plumage Coloration and Pattern

Published on: March 8, 2020

Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures
06:34

Migratory Behavior of Cells Generated in Ganglionic Eminence Cultures

Published on: April 21, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Behavioral ecology
  • Population dynamics

Background:

  • Partial migration is often viewed as an optimization process balancing migration and residency fitness rewards.
  • This is frequently modeled as an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) leading to an optimal migratory fraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary dynamics of partial migration in birds.
  • To determine if the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) for partial migration is a strong or weak equilibrium.
  • To compare individual-based evolutionary outcomes with population-level optimal solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of individual-based adaptive evolution.
  • Analysis of equilibrium conditions for migratory strategies.
  • Comparison of individual fitness optima with population size maximization.

Main Results:

  • Partial migration can evolve via adaptive evolution, but it results in a neutral or "weak" ESS, similar to the Fisherian sex ratio.
  • The equilibrium fraction of migrants may deviate from the population-optimal solution (maximum population size).
  • Partial migration is unlikely to evolve without density- or frequency-dependent selection acting on individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) for partial migration is a weak equilibrium, not a fixed optimal proportion.
  • Individual-based evolutionary selection may not lead to population-level optima.
  • Density- or frequency-dependent selection are crucial for the maintenance of partial migration.