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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
09:29

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

[Neuromyelitis optica].

B Wildemann1, S Jarius, F Paul

  • 1Sektion Molekulare Neuroimmunologie, Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Deutschland. brigitte.wildemann@med.uni-heidelberg.de

Der Nervenarzt
|January 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Serum autoantibodies targeting aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are key biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Recent findings reveal how AQP4 antibodies and T cells drive NMO pathophysiology.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
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Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Biomarker discovery

Context:

  • Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), also known as Devic syndrome, is a rare immune-mediated disorder.
  • The identification of serum autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) has transformed NMO understanding.
  • This discovery provides a basis for targeted immunotherapies.

Purpose:

  • To review the clinical characteristics of NMO.
  • To highlight recent research on the role of AQP4-specific antibodies and T cells in NMO.
  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of NMO.

Summary:

  • Serum autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are established biomarkers for neuromyelitis optica (NMO).
  • This review covers NMO's clinical features.
  • Emerging evidence implicates AQP4-targeting antibodies and T cells in NMO's disease mechanisms.

Impact:

  • Revolutionized understanding of neuromyelitis optica (NMO).
  • Provided a rationale for developing targeted humoral immunotherapies for NMO.
  • Advanced insights into the autoimmune pathophysiology of NMO involving aquaporin-4.