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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

Action and perception in the rubber hand illusion.

Martin Riemer¹, Dieter Kleinböhl, Rupert Hölzl

¹Otto Selz Institute for Applied Psychology, Mannheim Centre for Work and Health, University of Mannheim, 68131, Mannheim, Germany. martin.riemer@osi.uni-mannheim.de

Experimental Brain Research

|January 12, 2013

Summary

This study explored the rubber hand illusion (RHI) using a novel, body-extraneous artificial hand. Both tactile and motor control contributed to the illusion, but motor responses showed unique patterns.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation

Published on: March 1, 2017

Visualization Method for Proprioceptive Drift on a 2D Plane Using Support Vector Machine

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Published on: October 27, 2016

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

The Crossmodal Congruency Task as a Means to Obtain an Objective Behavioral Measure in the Rubber Hand Illusion Paradigm

Published on: July 26, 2013

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Body Representation
Proprioception

Background:

Voluntary motor control can integrate artificial limbs into body schema.
Previous studies often used mirrored or projected images, not truly extraneous hands.
The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a key paradigm for studying body ownership.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of tactile sensations and voluntary movement on the RHI using a body-extraneous artificial hand.
To assess proprioceptive drift and perceived hand location reliability.
To clarify discrepancies in RHI effects on motor responses.

Main Methods:

Utilized the rubber hand illusion (RHI) paradigm with an unambiguously body-extraneous artificial hand.
Collected subjective self-reports and pointing movements towards the participant's own hand.
Introduced a new perceptual judgment procedure to assess proprioceptive drift and location judgment reliability.

Main Results:

RHI effects were comparable for both tactile sensations and voluntary movements.
Pointing movements showed characteristic discrepancies and were differently affected by induction methods.
RHI effects induced by tactile and motor methods were uncorrelated.

Conclusions:

Both tactile input and voluntary motor control contribute to the RHI with extraneous limbs.
Discrepancies in motor responses highlight the complexity of RHI's influence on motor control.
Findings offer insights into inconsistent results regarding RHI's impact on motor responses.