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Related Concept Videos

Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization
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Published on: October 3, 2025

Other signalization targets.

Nicolas Girard1

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. nicolas.girard@chu-lyon.fr

Targeted Oncology
|January 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personalized medicine revolutionizes lung cancer treatment by targeting specific molecular alterations. Identifying driver mutations like EGFR and ALK predicts response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Lung cancer treatment historically relied on morphology.
  • Molecular alterations, or driver mutations, are key to carcinogenesis.
  • Driver mutations in genes like EGFR and ALK are crucial for targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review preclinical and clinical data on new oncogenic mutations.
  • Focus on druggable mutations and acquired resistance.
  • Highlight emerging therapeutic targets in lung cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated genomic studies of lung cancers.
  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical data.
  • Review of acquired resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • EGFR and ALK mutations predict efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
  • Personalized medicine based on genetic alterations is effective.
  • Understanding molecular features aids in overcoming resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized medicine represents a major advancement in lung cancer treatment.
  • Targeting specific molecular alterations offers improved patient outcomes.
  • Ongoing research into new mutations and resistance mechanisms is vital.