Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): colonisation and pre-operative screening.

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Orthopaedic Surgery
• Microbiology

Background:

• Staphylococcus aureus is a primary cause of surgical site infections (SSI).
• Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a growing concern due to unique resistance and virulence.
• Nasal colonization by S. aureus or MRSA is a significant risk factor for SSI after orthopaedic surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the link between nasal S. aureus/MRSA colonization and SSI in orthopaedic patients.
• To discuss the economic impact of MRSA-associated SSIs.
• To evaluate the potential benefits of pre-operative screening and eradication protocols.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on S. aureus/MRSA nasal colonization and SSI.
• Analysis of risk factors and patient outcomes.
• Examination of economic implications of SSIs.

Main Results:

• Nasal S. aureus and MRSA colonization are independent risk factors for SSI incidence and severity.
• MRSA-associated SSIs result in prolonged hospital stays and increased costs.
• Screening and eradication show potential for SSI risk reduction.

Conclusions:

• Pre-operative screening for MRSA is recommended for orthopaedic surgery patients.
• Treatment of MRSA-colonized patients before surgery can mitigate SSI risks.
• Addressing S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage is crucial for improving surgical outcomes.