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Related Concept Videos

Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Updated: May 15, 2026

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL
07:18

HLA-Ig Based Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Efficient ex vivo Expansion of Human CTL

Published on: April 11, 2011

The immune response to human CMV.

Corinna La Rosa1, Don J Diamond

  • 1Division of Translational Vaccine Research, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.

Future Virology
|January 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection triggers a robust immune response, yet the immune system cannot eliminate it. This strong defense may paradoxically accelerate immune aging and worsen disease in vulnerable populations.

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Automated Cell Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells for Clinical Applications using the Cytokine-capture System

Published on: October 5, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a widespread herpesvirus that establishes lifelong latency.
  • Despite high prevalence, CMV typically causes no disease in healthy individuals due to a strong immune response.
  • The immune system's inability to clear CMV and its complex interplay with immune evasion strategies are key research areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and interpret current literature on the human immune response to CMV.
  • To explore the implications of the intense cellular immune response to CMV.
  • To identify strategies for leveraging the immune system to manage CMV complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent research findings.
  • Analysis of the magnitude and impact of cellular immunity against CMV.
  • Interpretation of CMV's immune evasion mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The immune response to CMV is exceptionally strong but cannot eradicate the virus.
  • Sustained high-level immune activity against CMV may contribute to premature immune senescence.
  • High frequencies of CMV-specific T cells might exacerbate vascular conditions.
  • CMV reactivation causes severe disease in immunocompromised or immature hosts, highlighting immunity's protective role.

Conclusions:

  • The human immune system mounts a powerful defense against CMV, but cannot achieve viral clearance.
  • The intense immune response to CMV has potential detrimental effects, including accelerated immune aging and vascular pathology.
  • Developing approaches to modulate the host immune response is crucial for mitigating CMV-related morbidity in immunocompromised individuals.