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Updated: May 15, 2026

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

Published on: February 12, 2016

Allograft outcomes in outbred mice.

D K Reichenbach¹, Q Li, R A Hoffman

¹Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

American Journal of Transplantation : Official Journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons

|January 15, 2013

Summary

Genetic diversity in outbred mice influences heart transplant outcomes, revealing early graft failure independent of recipient factors. This diversity impacts tolerance induction but doesn't uniformly prevent it.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Transplantation Biology
Genetics

Background:

Inbred mice lack genetic diversity, potentially masking graft failure causes or tolerance induction barriers.
Outbred mice possess greater genetic diversity, offering a more complex model for transplantation studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of genetic diversity (inbred vs. outbred mice) on heart allograft outcomes.
To determine if genetic diversity affects graft rejection mechanisms and tolerance induction.

Main Methods:

Performed heart transplantation between outbred and inbred mouse strains.
Blocked T cell costimulation to assess tolerance induction.
Analyzed early graft failure phenotypes, including vascular inflammation and immune cell involvement.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

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Published on: February 12, 2016

Successful Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Mice Utilizing Microcomputed Tomography Angiography

Successful Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Mice Utilizing Microcomputed Tomography Angiography

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Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection

Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection

Published on: October 11, 2014

Utilized complement or neutrophil depletion and CD73-deficient grafts to investigate mechanisms.

Main Results:

Outbred mice exhibited heterogeneous graft outcomes, including early failure (<4 days), acute rejection (6-24 days), and chronic rejection (>75 days).
Early graft failure in outbred recipients was donor-dependent, characterized by neutrophilic vasculitis and not antibody-mediated.
Complement or neutrophil depletion prevented early outbred graft failure; CD73 deficiency mimicked this phenotype.

Conclusions:

Outbred mice provide broader insights into donor and recipient factors influencing allograft outcomes.
Hybrid vigor and genetic diversity in outbred mice do not uniformly prevent tolerance induction.
Early graft failure in outbred settings involves complement and neutrophil pathways, distinct from traditional rejection.