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Updated: May 15, 2026

Methods for Analyzing the Impacts of Natural Uranium on In Vitro Osteoclastogenesis
Published on: January 30, 2018
Pro-oxidative, genotoxic and cytotoxic properties of uranyl ions
S A Garmash1, V S Smirnova, O E Karp
1Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; Pushchino State University, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
Abstract:
It is demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide are formed under the action of uranyl ions in aqueous solutions containing no reducing agents. In the presence of uranyl ions, formation of 8-oxoguanine in DNA and long-lived protein radicals are observed in vitro. It is shown that the pro-oxidant properties of uranyl at micromolar concentrations mostly result from the physico-chemical nature of the compound rather than its radioactive decay. Uranyl ions lead to damage in DNA and proteins causing death of HEp-2 cells by necrotic pathway. It is revealed that the uranyl ions enhance radiation-induced oxidative stress and significantly increase a death rate of mice exposed to sublethal doses of X-rays.
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