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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface: Surgical Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Postamputation Pain
03:53

Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface: Surgical Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Postamputation Pain

Published on: March 15, 2024

Neuropathic pain.

Eric Kerstman1, Sangmin Ahn, Sree Battu

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|January 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuropathic pain, distinct from nociceptive pain, poses diagnostic and treatment challenges. Effective management often requires a multimodal approach combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for optimal patient outcomes.

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface: Surgical Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Postamputation Pain
03:53

Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface: Surgical Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Postamputation Pain

Published on: March 15, 2024

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation: Surgical Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Postamputation Pain
03:26

Targeted Muscle Reinnervation: Surgical Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial in Postamputation Pain

Published on: March 8, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Clinical Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neuropathic pain presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • It imposes a substantial burden on individuals and society, necessitating better resource assessment for healthcare policy.
  • The pathophysiology of neuropathic pain remains incompletely understood, with several proposed mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of neuropathic pain syndrome.
  • To discuss its classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To highlight the need for evidence-based approaches in managing this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic clinical assessment including detailed history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing.
  • Review of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms (e.g., central/peripheral sensitization, deafferentation, neurogenic inflammation).
  • Evaluation of pharmacological (antidepressants, antiepileptics, topical anesthetics, opioids) and non-pharmacological treatments (psychological, physical therapy, interventional, surgical).

Main Results:

  • Neuropathic pain can be differentiated from nociceptive pain through clinical presentation.
  • Pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment modalities exist, with combination therapy potentially offering superior efficacy.
  • Clinical practice guidelines offer an evidence-based framework for treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Neuropathic pain requires a systematic diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
  • Multimodal treatment strategies, combining various therapies, are often necessary for effective management.
  • Further research into pathophysiology and resource utilization is warranted to improve patient care and healthcare policy.