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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...

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A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
07:09

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Published on: February 18, 2022

Hip pain and heart failure: the missing link.

Cameron J Gilbert1, Angela Cheung, Jagdish Butany

  • 1General Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. cameron.gilbert@utoronto.ca

The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
|January 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A man with hip replacements developed severe multi-organ failure, including heart and liver issues. Doctors diagnosed cobalt toxicity, a rare complication linked to artificial joints.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Cardiology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Metal-on-metal hip prostheses can release ions into the body.
  • Systemic toxicity from joint replacements is a rare but serious complication.

Observation:

  • A patient with bilateral hip replacements presented with hypothyroidism, dilated cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, liver failure, and polycythaemia.
  • The patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, leading to shock.

Findings:

  • The constellation of symptoms, coupled with the history of hip replacement, led to a diagnosis of cobalt toxicity.
  • This case highlights the potential for severe systemic illness due to metal ion release from implants.

Implications:

  • Early recognition of cobalt toxicity is crucial for prompt management in patients with hip prostheses.
  • This underscores the importance of monitoring metal ion levels in patients with concerning symptoms and joint implants.
  • Further research into long-term implant safety and patient monitoring protocols is warranted.