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Related Concept Videos

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices01:28

Parenteral Drug Delivery Systems: Injectables, Implants, and Infusion Devices

Parenteral drug delivery systems play a crucial role in modern therapeutics by enabling the direct administration of drugs into the systemic circulation, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. These systems are particularly valuable for poorly absorbed oral medications that are unstable in the digestive environment or require rapid onset or sustained therapeutic levels. Delivery is achieved through intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes, each selected based on the drug's properties...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

A Comparative Study of Drug Delivery Methods Targeted to the Mouse Inner Ear: Bullostomy Versus Transtympanic Injection
09:18

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Published on: March 8, 2017

A regulated delivery system for inner ear drug application.

Shayanne A Lajud1, Zhao Han, Fang-Lu Chi

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|January 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Chitosanase effectively controls inner ear drug delivery by degrading a chitosan glycerophosphate (CGP) hydrogel, rerouting gentamicin away from the inner ear to prevent ototoxicity.

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09:18

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Published on: February 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials science
  • Drug delivery systems
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • A novel chitosan glycerophosphate (CGP) hydrogel system was developed for sustained inner ear drug delivery.
  • Inner ear drug delivery requires precise control to manage potential side effects and ototoxicities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate chitosanase as a regulatory "switch off" mechanism for the CGP inner ear drug delivery system.
  • To assess the impact of chitosanase on gentamicin (GENT) delivery and localization in the inner ear.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies assessed chitosanase interaction with CGP-hydrogel loaded with GENT or Texas Red-labeled GENT (GTTR).
  • In vivo mouse models investigated chitosanase's effect on GENT delivery, GTTR fluorescence at the round window niche (RWN) and Eustachian tube (ET), inner ear perilymph GENT concentration (LC-MS/MS), and inner ear cell uptake.

Main Results:

  • Chitosanase efficiently digested the CGP-hydrogel, releasing GENT and GTTR in vitro.
  • In vivo, chitosanase rerouted GTTR from the RWN to the ET, reducing inner ear hair cell uptake.
  • Chitosanase application significantly decreased GENT concentration in the inner ear perilymph.

Conclusions:

  • Chitosanase serves as an effective "switch off" mechanism for CGP-based inner ear drug delivery.
  • This regulation downregulates drug delivery to the inner ear by rerouting it away from the RWN.
  • The system offers a novel approach for controlled inner ear therapy, allowing treatment cessation upon adverse effects.