Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Methods for determining indications for antibiotic prescriptions to facilitate antimicrobial stewardship: a scoping review.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

HIV immunological non-responders show low SKAP1 concentration and DNA hypermethylation in the SKAP1 promotor region: Low Skap1 in HIV Immunological Non-Responders.

AIDS (London, England)·2026
Same author

Cervical Cancer Screening in Women Living With HIV in Suriname.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Quantifying immune dysregulation in pneumonia and sepsis with a parsimonious machine-learning model: a multicohort analysis across care settings and reanalysis of a hydrocortisone randomised controlled trial.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine·2026
Same author

Antibiotic treatment for 1 day versus 4-7 days in patients with acute cholangitis after adequate endoscopic biliary drainage (COBRA): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Trials·2026
Same author

HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferative response 24 weeks after early antiretroviral therapy initiation is associated with the subsequent reduction in the viral reservoir.

eLife·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Prolonged decrease of CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-1-infected patients after radiotherapy for a solid tumor.

Sanjay U C Sankatsing1, Mariska M J Hillebregt, Luuk Gras

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, the Netherlands. ssankatsing@diakhuis.nl

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999)
|January 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Radiotherapy (RT) significantly lowers CD4 T-cell counts in patients with HIV-1. CD4 counts recovered to baseline in only 39% of RT patients versus 71% of non-RT patients after 3 years.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Radiotherapy (RT) is known to decrease CD4 T-cell counts in HIV-negative individuals.
  • The impact of RT on CD4 T-cell dynamics in HIV-1 positive patients remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of radiotherapy on CD4 T-cell counts in HIV-1 positive patients with solid tumors.
  • To compare CD4 T-cell recovery rates between HIV-1 positive patients who received RT and those who did not.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 90 HIV-1 positive patients diagnosed with solid tumors was selected from the ATHENA cohort.
  • Patients were categorized into two groups: those who received RT and those who did not.
  • Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to determine the time to CD4 cell count recovery to baseline levels.

Main Results:

  • The median CD4 cell count was 150 × 10/L lower post-RT compared to baseline.
  • CD4 cell count recovery to baseline occurred in 39% of patients receiving RT versus 71% of patients not receiving RT after 3 years (P < 0.0001).
  • RT was independently associated with a prolonged decrease in CD4 counts (HR 0.29), while combination antiretroviral therapy use was associated with faster recovery (HR 2.46).

Conclusions:

  • Radiotherapy causes a significant and sustained reduction in CD4 T-cell counts among HIV-1 positive patients.
  • HIV-1 positive patients receiving RT experience impaired CD4 T-cell recovery compared to those not undergoing RT.