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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Ole Isacson: Development of New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease
23:53

Ole Isacson: Development of New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease

Published on: April 29, 2007

Parkinsonism can be cured.

Ronstan Lobo1, Alexander Fraser, Patrick Kiely

  • 1Department of Medicine, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Limerick, Ireland. doctorrlobo@gmail.com

BMJ Case Reports
|January 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A woman with rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson's disease experienced complete resolution of parkinsonian symptoms after receiving cyclophosphamide infusions for vasculitic skin ulcers. This suggests a potential link between immunosuppressive therapy and Parkinson's symptom improvement.

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Behavioral Assessments of Spontaneous Locomotion in a Murine MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Model
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Behavioral Assessments of Spontaneous Locomotion in a Murine MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Model

Published on: January 7, 2019

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Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Ole Isacson: Development of New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease
23:53

Ole Isacson: Development of New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease

Published on: April 29, 2007

Behavioral Assessments of Spontaneous Locomotion in a Murine MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Model
05:38

Behavioral Assessments of Spontaneous Locomotion in a Murine MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Model

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • A patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, Sicca syndrome, and idiopathic Parkinson's disease presented with challenging-to-manage parkinsonian symptoms.
  • Standard antiparkinsonian medications were insufficient in controlling the patient's neurological condition.

Observation:

  • During treatment for secondary vasculitic skin ulcers in 2011, the patient received cyclophosphamide infusions.
  • The patient had a confirmed diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease in 2005.

Findings:

  • Within two months of cyclophosphamide administration, the patient's parkinsonian symptoms completely resolved.
  • The immunosuppressive therapy, prescribed for vasculitis, unexpectedly ameliorated Parkinson's disease symptoms.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a potential novel therapeutic avenue for Parkinson's disease symptoms.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the efficacy and mechanisms of cyclophosphamide in treating Parkinson's disease.
  • Investigating the interplay between autoimmune conditions and neurodegenerative disorders may reveal new treatment strategies.