Anisotropy of the upper critical fields and the paramagnetic Meissner effect in La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 single crystals

Optimally doped La(1.85)Sr(0.15)CuO(4) single crystals have been investigated by dc and ac magnetic measurements. These crystals have rectangular needle-like shapes with the long needle axis parallel to the crystallographic c axis (c-crystal) or parallel to the basal planes (a-crystal). In both crystals, the temperature dependence of the upper critical fields (H(C2)) and the surface critical field (H(C3)) were measured. The H-T phase diagram is presented. Close to T(C) = 35 K, for the c-crystal, γ(C) = H(C3)(c)/H(C2)(c) = 1.80(2), whereas for the a-crystal the γ(a) = H(C3)(a)/H(C2)(a) = 4.0(2) obtained is much higher than 1.69, predicted by the ideal mathematical model. At low applied dc fields, positive field-cooled branches known as the 'paramagnetic Meissner effect' (PME) are observed; their magnitude is inversely proportional to H. The anisotropic PME is observed in both a- and c-crystals, only when the applied field is along the basal planes. It is speculated that the high γ(a) and the PME are connected to each other.