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Stefanie Schetzek1, Florian Heinen, Sigrid Kruse

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Evidence for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in treating childhood primary headache syndromes remains limited. This review examines current research on CAM therapies for pediatric headaches, finding poor overall evidence despite widespread use.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Integrative Medicine
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently utilized by healthcare providers and families for managing primary headache syndromes in children.
  • Existing literature on CAM for pediatric headaches is substantial, yet the scientific evidence supporting its efficacy is generally weak.
  • Understanding the evidence base for CAM is crucial for informed clinical decision-making and patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize the current evidence on the effectiveness of major complementary and alternative medicine therapies for primary headache syndromes in children.
  • To provide an overview of the research landscape concerning CAM treatments and prophylaxis for pediatric headaches and migraines.
  • To identify gaps in the evidence and guide future research directions in this field.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library databases.
  • The search focused on articles published within the last 20 years that investigated complementary and alternative treatments or prophylactic measures for headache and migraine in pediatric populations.
  • Studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of various CAM modalities were included.

Main Results:

  • The review identified a significant number of studies addressing CAM for pediatric primary headache syndromes.
  • However, the overall quality and quantity of evidence supporting the efficacy of most investigated CAM therapies were found to be poor.
  • Specific CAM modalities showed varying levels of evidence, with many lacking robust scientific validation.

Conclusions:

  • The current evidence base for complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of primary headache syndromes of childhood is largely insufficient.
  • Further high-quality research, including randomized controlled trials, is necessary to establish the efficacy and safety of CAM therapies for pediatric headaches.
  • Clinicians and parents should exercise caution when considering CAM interventions, prioritizing evidence-based treatments.