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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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Phagocytes
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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B-1 cell immunoglobulin directed against oxidation-specific epitopes.

Dimitrios Tsiantoulas1, Sabrina Gruber, Christoph J Binder

  • 1CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences Vienna, Austria ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Natural antibodies (NAbs) are germline-encoded antibodies crucial for clearing cellular debris and oxidized LDL. These natural antibodies recognize oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs), facilitating waste removal and maintaining health.

Keywords:
B-1 cellsapoptotic cellsmalondialdehydenatural IgM antibodiesoxidation-specific epitopesoxidized low-density lipoproteinphosphocholine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Natural antibodies (NAbs) are pre-existing, germline-encoded antibodies.
  • Primarily produced by B-1 lymphocytes, NAbs are mainly of the IgM isotype.
  • NAbs play roles in host defense and housekeeping functions, including clearance of apoptotic cells and self-antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of natural antibodies in recognizing and clearing cellular debris and oxidized lipids.
  • To investigate the function of oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) as targets for natural antibodies.
  • To understand the implications of NAb-mediated clearance in health and diseases like atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on natural antibodies, OSEs, and atherosclerosis.
  • Analysis of the molecular recognition mechanisms between NAbs and OSEs.
  • Examination of the role of NAbs in the context of cellular debris and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDL).

Main Results:

  • Natural antibodies recognize conserved, endogenously generated structures, notably oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs).
  • OSEs are products of lipid peroxidation found on apoptotic cells and OxLDL.
  • NAbs target OSEs on cellular debris and OxLDL, facilitating their non-immunogenic clearance.

Conclusions:

  • OSEs represent stress-induced neo-self structures recognized by natural antibodies.
  • Natural antibodies mediate the safe disposal of metabolic waste, such as cellular debris.
  • This NAb-mediated clearance mechanism has fundamental implications for maintaining health and in the pathogenesis of diseases like atherosclerosis.