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Related Concept Videos

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation01:28

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect. According to this equation,...
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
Boundary Conditions for Current Density01:25

Boundary Conditions for Current Density

Current density becomes discontinuous across an interface of materials with different electrical conductivities. The normal component of the current density is continuous across the boundary.
Current Density01:21

Current Density

The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...

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Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device
11:15

Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device

Published on: June 22, 2014

Hydrodynamic model for conductivity in graphene.

M Mendoza1, H J Herrmann, S Succi

  • 1ETH Zürich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials , Schafmattstrasse 6, HIF, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland. millmen@gmail.com

Scientific Reports
|January 15, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new model for graphene conductivity, explaining its linear dependence on carrier density and minimum conductivity. This model, inspired by fluid dynamics, accurately predicts conductivity based on impurity levels and aligns with experimental results.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Electronics

Background:

  • Graphene exhibits unique electronic properties, including a minimum conductivity.
  • Understanding conductivity in disordered materials like graphene is crucial for electronic applications.
  • Previous models did not fully capture the interplay between carrier density, impurities, and minimum conductivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an analytical model for graphene conductivity.
  • To explain the linear dependence on carrier density and the existence of minimum conductivity.
  • To incorporate the effect of impurities as obstacles in a fluid dynamics analogy.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an analytical model based on the electronic ideal relativistic fluid picture at the Dirac point.
  • Treated impurities as rigid obstacles in a disordered medium.
  • Accounted for additional carrier density induced by impurities to describe minimum conductivity.
  • Performed extensive simulations for varying electric field strengths (ε).

Main Results:

  • The model successfully describes the linear dependence of conductivity on carrier density.
  • It accurately predicts the existence of a minimum conductivity.
  • The model shows excellent agreement with experimental data for graphene conductivity.
  • Predicts conductivity as a function of impurity fraction.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed fluid dynamics-inspired model provides a robust framework for understanding graphene conductivity.
  • It highlights the significant role of impurities in determining conductivity characteristics.
  • The model's validation against experimental data suggests its applicability in predicting graphene's electronic behavior.