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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These domains are...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters
09:22

Rapid Synthesis and Screening of Chemically Activated Transcription Factors with GFP-based Reporters

Published on: November 26, 2013

A do-it-yourself protocol for simple transcription activator-like effector assembly.

Claudia Uhde-Stone1, Nilang Gor, Tiffany Chin

  • 1System Biosciences (SBI), 265 North Whisman Rd, Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA. BLu@systembio.com.

Biological Procedures Online
|January 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a simplified, do-it-yourself method for assembling transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) and TALE nucleases (TALENs) in just two days. This accessible TALE assembly system broadens the use of TALE technology for genetic engineering.

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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
09:26

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genome Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are versatile tools for genetic and epigenetic manipulation due to their predictable binding and specificity.
  • Current TALE assembly methods are often expensive, time-consuming, and require specialized expertise, limiting their widespread adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a streamlined and accessible method for custom TALE assembly.
  • To enable individual researchers to efficiently generate TALE-based tools for genome engineering.

Main Methods:

  • A simplified Golden Gate assembly protocol was developed using pre-made, quality-controlled TALE monomers.
  • The protocol was optimized for a two-day assembly process involving four thermocycling reactions.
  • Vector sets for generating both TALE-transcription factors (TALE-TFs) and TALE nucleases (TALENs) were provided.

Main Results:

  • A rapid, two-day TALE assembly method was established, eliminating complex setup procedures.
  • The system successfully generated various TALENs and TALE-TFs, confirmed by DNA sequencing.
  • An assembled TALE-TF demonstrated transactivation of a luciferase reporter, and a TALEN pair effectively cleaved its target DNA.

Conclusions:

  • A validated do-it-yourself system for assembling TALENs and TALE-TFs within two days has been developed.
  • This simplified TALE assembly approach, coupled with versatile vector options, is expected to significantly increase the accessibility and application of TALE technology.