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Dosage Compensation02:50

Dosage Compensation

In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with  distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...

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Isolation and In vitro Activation of Caenorhabditis elegans Sperm
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Published on: January 31, 2011

Conserved SAMS function in regulating egg-laying in C. elegans.

Hiroko Tamiya1, Keiko Hirota, Yuta Takahashi

  • 1Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research
|January 16, 2013
PubMed
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Four SAMS genes in C. elegans encode functional enzymes, but only sams-1 is crucial for egg-laying. Ectopic expression of other SAMS family members rescues sams-1 mutants, indicating conserved SAMS protein function.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a vital methyl donor in biological methylation.
  • SAM synthetase (SAMS) enzymes catalyze SAM synthesis.
  • Four Caenorhabditis elegans sams genes (sams-1, -3, -4, -5) are predicted to encode SAMS proteins, but their roles are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological roles of the four SAMS family genes in C. elegans.
  • To determine if SAMS proteins from the same family exhibit conserved function.
  • To elucidate the specific role of sams-1 in C. elegans development and reproduction.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro enzymatic assays to confirm SAM synthesis by predicted SAMS proteins.
  • Generation and analysis of sams-1 mutant animals to assess phenotypic effects.
  • Transcriptional reporter assays to examine tissue-specific and temporal expression patterns of sams genes.
  • Promoter-swap experiments to test functional complementation between different sams family members.

Main Results:

  • All four predicted SAMS proteins demonstrated the ability to catalyze SAM formation in vitro.
  • Only sams-1 mutant animals showed a significant reduction in egg-laying.
  • Each sams gene promoter exhibited distinct tissue-specific and temporal expression patterns.
  • Ectopic expression of SAMS-3, -4, or -5 in sams-1 mutants fully rescued the egg-laying defect.

Conclusions:

  • The four SAMS genes in C. elegans encode functional SAMS enzymes.
  • While sams-1 is essential for normal egg-laying, SAMS protein function is conserved across the family.
  • The distinct expression patterns suggest specialized roles, but functional redundancy exists for essential processes like reproduction.