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Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Automated Microbial Diagnostics01:24

Automated Microbial Diagnostics

Automated diagnostic analyzers have transformed clinical microbiology by providing rapid and reliable methods for pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Among these systems, the Vitek 2 is widely used because it automates the traditionally labor-intensive processes of microbial identification (ID) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), delivering standardized and timely results that are essential for effective patient care.Microbial Identification with ID CardsThe...
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...

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Updated: May 15, 2026

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
11:17

Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

Published on: August 30, 2018

AMDD: antimicrobial drug database.

Mohd Danishuddin1, Lalima Kaushal, Mohd Hassan Baig

  • 1Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics
|January 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug resistance is a major challenge in antimicrobial chemotherapy. The new Antimicrobial Drug Database (AMDD) offers a centralized resource for synthetic antibacterial and antifungal compounds, aiding rational drug design and virtual screening.

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Isolation and Identification of Waterborne Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Molecular Characterization of their Antibiotic Resistance Genes
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Antimicrobial Synergy Testing by the Inkjet Printer-assisted Automated Checkerboard Array and the Manual Time-kill Method
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Published on: April 18, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Computational Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Antimicrobial drug resistance poses a significant threat to public health.
  • Rational drug design requires detailed knowledge of antimicrobial agent structures and activities.
  • Existing data on antimicrobial compounds are often fragmented across various sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive database of synthetic antibacterial and antifungal compounds.
  • To facilitate drug design and virtual screening by consolidating antimicrobial agent information.
  • To provide a freely accessible platform for researchers to explore antimicrobial compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled data from scientific literature and chemical databases (PubChem, PubChem BioAssay, ZINC).
  • Developed the Antimicrobial Drug Database (AMDD) with ~2900 antibacterial and ~1200 antifungal compounds.
  • Annotated compounds with properties including description, target, bioassay, and physicochemical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • The AMDD integrates a substantial collection of synthetic antimicrobial agents.
  • Compounds are detailed with relevant properties for screening and analysis.
  • The database includes links to compound structures and bioassay data.

Conclusions:

  • The AMDD serves as a valuable, centralized resource for antimicrobial research.
  • It streamlines the process of identifying and selecting antimicrobial agents for specific targets.
  • The database enhances efficiency in virtual screening and drug discovery efforts.