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Dissociating temporal preparation processes as a function of the inter-trial interval duration.

Antonino Vallesi1, Violeta N Lozano, Angel Correa

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Italy. antonino.vallesi@unipd.it

Cognition
|January 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Longer inter-trial intervals (ITIs) reduce sequential effects in reaction time (RT) tasks. However, the foreperiod (FP) effect

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human factors

Background:

  • Preparation over time involves decreasing uncertainty about event timing.
  • The variable foreperiod paradigm is used to study response time (RT) effects.
  • Foreperiod (FP) and sequential effects are behavioral outcomes observed in RT tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how inter-trial interval (ITI) duration and task context influence FP and sequential effects.
  • To test predictions from single-process trace conditioning and dual-process accounts.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulation of ITI duration (1s vs. 20s).
  • Comparison between simple and choice RT tasks.
  • Analysis of RTs to assess FP and sequential effects.

Main Results:

  • Longer ITIs attenuated sequential effects, irrespective of task type.
  • The impact of ITI on FP effects differed between simple and choice RT tasks.
  • FP effects increased with ITI in choice RT tasks but decreased in simple RT tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a dissociation between FP and sequential effects.
  • Results support a dual-process account of temporal preparation.
  • Task context critically modulates the influence of ITI on temporal preparation.