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Related Experiment Videos

Short-term memory coding by deaf signers: the primary language coding hypothesis reconsidered.

V L Hanson1, E H Lichtenstein

  • 1IBM Research Division, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York.

Cognitive Psychology
|April 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
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Hearing individuals may rely on phonetic codes in short-term memory, similar to deaf signers. This challenges the idea that deaf signers exclusively use sign language for recoding, suggesting phonetic recoding is also possible.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Memory Studies

Background:

  • Shand's (1982) hypothesis proposed that hearing individuals' reliance on phonetic codes in short-term memory stems from their primary language experience.
  • Shand's experiment suggested deaf signers recoded English words into American Sign Language (ASL) based on structural similarity, supporting the primary language hypothesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge Shand's primary language interpretation of short-term memory recoding in deaf signers.
  • To investigate alternative explanations for recall patterns in deaf individuals and hearing individuals.

Main Methods:

  • An experiment was conducted with hearing subjects using Shand's word lists.
  • A comprehensive literature review of short-term memory studies involving deaf subjects was performed.

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Main Results:

  • Hearing subjects exhibited a similar recall pattern to that observed in Shand's deaf subjects.
  • The literature review indicated that deaf signers' recoding strategies are influenced by various task and subject factors.
  • Contrary to Shand's hypothesis, deaf signers may utilize phonetic recoding in short-term recall.

Conclusions:

  • The findings question the universality of the primary language hypothesis for short-term memory recoding.
  • Deaf signers' recoding processes in short-term memory are more complex and context-dependent than previously suggested.
  • Phonetic recoding is a viable strategy for deaf signers in short-term memory tasks, irrespective of primary language experience.