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The association between changes in speed skating technique and changes in skating velocity.

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The 5000-m speed skating event significantly impacts the relationship between push-off effectiveness and skating velocity. Maintaining a smaller push-off angle is crucial for optimizing speed in longer races.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Speed Skating Performance

Background:

  • A link exists between push-off effectiveness and skating velocity in speed skating.
  • The influence of specific skating events, athlete sex, and performance level on these biomechanical associations requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how skating event, sex, and performance level modify the associations between changes in push-off effectiveness (Δe) and skating velocity (Δv).
  • To examine the relationship between changes in knee (Δθ0) and trunk angles (Δθ1) and changes in skating velocity (Δv) under varying conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Video analysis from frontal and sagittal planes captured push-off effectiveness (e), knee angle (θ0), and trunk angle (θ1) during World Cup races.
  • Radio-frequency identification tags were utilized to collect precise skating velocity (v) data.
  • Data were collected during both 1500-m and 5000-m events for both male and female athletes.

Main Results:

  • The skating event significantly influenced the association between push-off effectiveness and velocity (Δe and Δv).
  • A significant negative association between Δe and Δv was observed in the 5000-m race (β = -0.069), but not in the 1500-m race.
  • Neither sex nor performance level substantially altered these biomechanical associations.

Conclusions:

  • Skating event is a key factor influencing the relationship between push-off effectiveness and skating velocity.
  • A 1° change in push-off effectiveness leads to a 0.069 m/s decrease in velocity during 5000-m races, highlighting the importance of minimizing this angle.
  • Optimizing push-off effectiveness is particularly critical for success in longer speed skating distances like the 5000-m.