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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic acids02:43

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Structural insights into protein-only RNase P complexed with tRNA.

Anthony Gobert1, Franziska Pinker, Olivier Fuchsbauer

  • 1Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France.

Nature Communications
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Summary

Protein-only RNase P (PRORP) enzymes in eukaryotes process transfer RNA precursors. Biophysical and functional studies reveal key transfer RNA structural elements essential for PRORP activity and interaction.

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Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
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Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing (RIPiT-Seq)

Published on: July 10, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is crucial for tRNA maturation, historically known as a ribonucleoprotein complex.
  • The discovery of protein-only RNase P (PRORP) enzymes in eukaryotes expanded our understanding of tRNA processing.
  • PRORPs represent a distinct class of enzymes involved in essential RNA processing pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of action for eukaryotic PRORP enzymes.
  • To identify key transfer RNA (tRNA) structural features critical for PRORP binding and catalysis.
  • To characterize PRORP proteins biophysically and develop a model for PRORP-tRNA interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme activity assays to measure PRORP catalytic function.
  • Footprinting experiments to determine regions of tRNA protected by PRORP binding.
  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to characterize PRORP structure in solution.
  • Biophysical characterization, including zinc-binding site identification.

Main Results:

  • The anticodon domain of tRNA is not essential for PRORP activity, while specific residues in the D and TψC loops are critical.
  • PRORP proteins were characterized in solution, yielding a molecular envelope via SAXS.
  • Conserved residues within PRORP are involved in coordinating a single zinc ion, essential for function.
  • A model for PRORP-tRNA interaction was proposed, highlighting similarities to ribonucleoprotein RNase P recognition.

Conclusions:

  • PRORP enzymes recognize specific structural elements in the tRNA core, distinct from the anticodon loop.
  • The structural and functional data provide insights into the catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity of PRORPs.
  • PRORP-mediated tRNA processing shares mechanistic similarities with canonical RNase P enzymes, despite differing compositions.