Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Genital01:23

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Genital

The genital stage is the final phase of Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development, beginning at puberty, around age 12. During this stage, sexual energy shifts from self-focused interests to external individuals, marking the development of mature adult sexuality. Freud saw this phase as a time of sexual reawakening, with desires directed toward others outside the family. A healthy transition into this stage, according to Freud, signifies the emergence of two key aspects of adult...
Psychosexual Theory of Development01:14

Psychosexual Theory of Development

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development suggests that early childhood experiences significantly shape personality and behavior. Freud proposed that development is discontinuous, occurring in five distinct stages, each defined by a focus on different erogenous zones. He believed that failure to resolve the conflicts specific to each stage successfully could result in fixation, potentially influencing behavior as adults.
The Five Stages of Psychosexual Development
Freud's psychosexual...
Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Reliability and Validity01:29

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[<sup>18</sup>F]RO948 Tau PET in early and late onset Alzheimer's disease: associations with plasma p-tau 217, atrophy and cognition.

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging·2026
Same author

A novel <sup>18</sup>F-labelled tetrazine ester prosthetic group for improved radiolabelling and in vivo stability of proteins and peptides.

EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry·2026
Same author

Biomarkers.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association·2026
Same author

Pretargeted brain PET imaging reveals amyloid-β pathology using a TCO-modified antibody and a fluorine-18-labeled tetrazine.

Translational neurodegeneration·2025
Same author

Fluorine-18 ImmunoPET Imaging of Antibody Brain Kinetics and Amyloid-Beta Pathology.

ACS pharmacology & translational science·2025
Same author

PET imaging of platelet derived growth factor receptor β in lung fibrosis.

EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 15, 2026

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
10:32

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

Development of the virginity beliefs scale.

Jonas Eriksson1, Terry P Humphreys

  • 1a Psychology Department , Trent University.

Journal of Sex Research
|January 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the Virginity Beliefs Scale, measuring perceptions of virginity as a gift, stigma, or process. The scale helps understand diverse views on first sexual intercourse experiences.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Human Sexuality

Background:

  • Previous research on first sexual intercourse focused on demographic predictors.
  • Carpenter (2002, 2005) proposed three metaphors for virginity: gift, stigma, and process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a scale measuring virginity metaphors.
  • To operationalize Carpenter's framework for empirical research.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Factor analysis of 50 items (N=223) to identify scale items.
  • Scale validation using gender-role beliefs and affective reactions to first intercourse.
  • Study 2: Confirmatory factor analysis (N=359) to confirm scale structure.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility
04:22

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility

Published on: May 30, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 15, 2026

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
10:32

Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

Published on: April 23, 2014

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility
04:22

Treatment Model for Young Patients with Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction and Resultant Infertility

Published on: May 30, 2025

  • A 22-item Virginity Beliefs Scale was developed with three subscales: gift (10 items), stigma (8 items), and process (4 items).
  • The scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties in both studies.
  • Subscales showed significant correlations with gender-role beliefs and affective reactions.
  • Conclusions:

    • The Virginity Beliefs Scale effectively measures individuals' perceptions of virginity based on Carpenter's metaphors.
    • The scale offers a valuable tool for future research on sexual beliefs and behaviors.